In the US alone 64 million people have some form of cardiovascular or arterial disease.   This is the leading cause of premature permanent disability in working adults and results in over 6 million deaths (about half of all deaths) in the US and Europe.   Health care costs alone are over $300 billion a year.  The identification and long term management of the biology of atherosclerosis is a major focus of current research and therapeutic development in heart disease. The disclosures and patents describing the current invention addresses the distinction between the angiotension II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and angiotension II type 2 receptor (AT2R) in the management of various activities that impact vascular atherogenesis.  The angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) exerts growth-promoting,anti-apoptotic and pro-fibrotic effects which contribute to the formation of atherosclerotic lesions.  In contrast, up regulation or activity of the Ang II type 2 receptor (AT2R) exert anti-growth,pro-apoptotic and anti-fibrotic effects.  Thus, upregulation of AT2R expression by different means will attenuate formation of atherosclerotic lesions.  In addition the current inventions demonstrate that the upregulation of AT2R can reduce the formation of atherosclerotic lesions, by mechanisms that modulate oxidative stress and inflammatory responses via mechanisms involving control of key signaling regulators as well as the management of specific vascular lipoprotein receptors. Ongoing research is focused on the development of specific utilities and additional data. 

U.S. Provisional Patent Application #11/938,992

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