In 1967 Professor Graeme Clark of the University of Melbourne, Australia, began researching the possibilities of an electronic implantable hearing device. His endeavor would eventually lead to the creation of the implantable Bionic Ear. Professor Clark has been the research leader at the Department of Otolaryngology at the University of Melbourne since 1970. His first cochlear implant surgery took place in 1978, and was a success. In 1979, Nucleus, a group of medical equipment manufacturers, became interested in the commercial potential of Professor Clark's work at the University of Melbourne. Two years later, the University of Melbourne, the Australian Government and Nucleus set out to develop a commercially viable cochlear implant, and to bring it to market through a worldwide clinical trial. Cochlear was established in 1982, as a corporate entity in order to continue commercial operations. In March 2005, Cochlear acquired Entific Medical Systems.

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